1·Recurrent episodes occur in some oesophageal diseases includinghiatus hernia, stricture, achalasia of the cardia, and in patients with diverticula or pharyngeal pouch.
某些食管病患者可以并发此病，例如膈疝，狭窄、贲门松弛不良以及食管憩室或咽袋患者。
2·Mechanical obstruction may require operation for repair of common bile duct stricture or for gallstones.
机械性梗阻可能需要手术以修复胆总管狭窄或除去胆石。
3·Objective to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the covered retrievable metal stent in the treatment of refractory benign esophageal stricture.
目的评价全覆膜可取出金属支架治疗难治性食管良性狭窄的疗效和安全性。
4·If stricture develops, bouginage will be needed.
若狭窄发生， 则需用探条扩张术。
5·This 3 month old child died with extrahepatic biliary atresia, a disease in which there is inflammation with stricture of hepatic or common bile ducts.
肝外胆道闭锁为肝脏或胆总管的狭窄与炎症，这是一例死于肝外胆道闭锁的3个月婴儿。