1·Silent genes accumulate random mutations, they reasoned, eventually rendering them useless.
他们推断，沉默基因积累随机突变，最终使它们变得无用。
2·This apparent anomaly is partially explained by the fact that most founder mutations are recessive: only a person with copies of the affected gene from both parents becomes ill.
大多数明显的创始人突变都是隐性的，可以解释这种明显的异常现象：只有双亲都拥有受影响基因副本的人才会生病。
3·Mutations are the ultimate cause of all the genetic differences, including the differences between a human and a banana, between a starfish and a toadstool.
突变是所有基因差异的最终原因,包括人类和香蕉，海星和伞菌之间差异。
4·Heritable mutations of ALAS2 gene are responsible for the human X-linked sideroblastic anemia.
ALAS2基因的可遗传突变是人类X连锁铁粒幼细胞性贫血的原因。
5·Those mutations happen all the time.
这样的突变时刻都在发生。