1·This paper compares approximants with continuants, semivowels, fricatives, liquids, and vowels, and identifies the initial ri in Mandarin as an approximant rather than a voiced fricative.
本文比较了近音与通音、半元音、擦音、流音、元音之间的异同，认定普通话日母是近音而非浊擦音。
1·The uvular r's of French and the fricative, glottal ch's of German (and Scots) are essential to one's imagination of these languages and their speakers.
人们一听到法语的小舌音、摩擦音，或者德语(和苏格兰语)的喉音，就会对语言本身和语言的使用者产生各种想象。
2·If in English pronunciation's short vowel, consonant cluster, by the fricative, the affricate conclusion syllable and so on do not have in Chinese.
如英语语音中的短元音、辅音连缀，以摩擦音、破擦音收尾音节等在汉语中都没有。